Union Bonds in
Wisconsin Begin to Fray
Published: February 21, 2011 - New York Times
JANESVILLE, Wis. — Rich Hahan worked at the General Motors plant here until
it closed about two years ago. He moved to Detroit to take another G.M. job
while his wife and children stayed here, but then the automaker cut more jobs.
So Mr. Hahan, 50, found himself back in Janesville, collecting unemployment for
a time, and watching as the cityfs industrial base seemed to crumble away.
Among the top five employers here are the county, the schools and the city.
And that was enough to make Mr. Hahan, a union man from a union town, a
supporter of Gov. Scott Walkerfs sweeping proposal to
cut the benefits and collective-bargaining rights of public workers in
Wisconsin, a plan that has set off a firestorm of debate and protests at the
state Capitol. He says he still believes in unions, but thinks those in the
public sector lead to wasteful spending because of what he sees as lavish
benefits and endless negotiations.
gSomething needs to be done,h he said, gand quickly.h
Across Wisconsin, residents like Mr. Hahan have fumed in recent years as tens
of thousands of manufacturing jobs have vanished, and as some of the statefs
best-known corporations have pressured workers to accept benefit cuts.
Wisconsinfs financial problems are not as dire as those of many other states.
But a simmering resentment over those lost jobs and lost benefits in private
industry — combined with the statefs history of highly polarized politics — may
explain why Wisconsin, once a pioneer in supporting organized labor, has set off
a debate that is spreading to other states over public workers, unions and
budget woes.
There are deeply divided opinions and shifting allegiances over whether
unions are helping or hurting people who have been caught in the recent economic
squeeze. And workers themselves, being pitted against one another, are finding
it hard to feel sympathy or offer solidarity, with their own jobs lost and their
benefits and pensions cut back or cut off.
gEveryone else needs to pinch pennies and give more money to health insurance
companies and pay for their own retirement,h said Cindy Kuehn as she left Jim
and Judyfs Food Market in Palmyra. gItfs about time the buck stops.h
In Madison, the capital, which has become the focus of protests, many state
workers and students at the University
of Wisconsin predictably oppose the proposed cuts.
But away from Madison, many people said that public workers needed to share
in the sacrifice that their own families have been forced to make.
The effort to weaken bargaining rights for public-sector unions has been
particularly divisive, with some people questioning the need to tackle such a
fundamental issue to solve the statefs budget problems.
But more often the conversation has turned to the proposals to increase
public workersf contributions to their pensions and health care, and on these
issues people said they were less sympathetic, and often grew flushed and
emotional telling stories of their own pay cuts and financial worries.
Here in Janesville, a city of about 60,000 an hour southeast of Madison,
Crystal Watkins, a preschool teacher at a Lutheran church, said she was paid
less than public school teachers and got fewer benefits. gI donft have any of
that,h she said. gBut Ifm there every day because I love the kids.h
In Palmyra, a small village bounded by farmland and forests, MaryKay Horter
remembered how her husbandfs Chevy dealership had teetered on the brink of
closing after General Motors declared bankruptcy, for which she blamed unions.
Ms. Horter said she was forced to work more hours as an occupational
therapist, but had not seen a raise or any retirement contributions from her
employer for the last two years. All told, her familyfs income has dropped by
about a third.
gI donft get to bargain in my job, either,h she said.
And in nearby Whitewater, a scenic working-class city of 15,000 that is home
to a public university, Dave Bergman, the owner of a bar, was tending it himself
on Sunday. He has been forced to cut staff and work seven days a week.
gThere are a lot of people out of work right now that would take a job
without a union,h Mr. Bergman said.
By some measures, Wisconsin, a state of 5.6 million people, has not suffered
as much as other Midwestern states in the recession, according to Abdur
Chowdhury, an economist at Marquette
University.
Its unemployment rate, 7.5 percent in December, is lower than the nationfs.
But a significant percentage of jobs lost in Wisconsin during the recession were
in manufacturing, and this is a state where the proportion of the work force in
manufacturing is among the nationfs highest.
Meanwhile, some of the statefs well-known companies — Harley-Davidson,
Kohler, Mercury Marine — have recently
sought concessions from their workers.
The battle over public workers has changed the tone in a state that prides
itself on Midwestern civility. A growing number of homemade bumper stickers are
popping up with messages like gFire Them — Democrats Too.h
Among the statefs political leaders, the partisan gulf seems to have widened
further. Traditionally, the state is nearly evenly split between Republicans and
Democrats (along with a third group of independents) — making it a perennial
battleground in presidential elections, with margins of victory that have
sometimes come down to a matter of a few tenths of 1 percent. Wisconsin is the
state that gave birth to government unions in the 1950s, but also to Joseph
McCarthy, who railed against people he accused of being Communists.
gThe Republicans are really Republicans here, and the Democrats are really
Democrats, so the candidates who come out of primaries reflect that,h said Ken Goldstein, a
political scientist from the University of Wisconsin.
Two years after the state elected President
Obama by a wide margin, it elected conservative Republicans — some of them
supported by Tea
Party groups — to the state legislature, the Senate and the governorfs
office.
The flip has emboldened Mr. Walker, the new Republican governor who has
proposed the cuts to benefits and bargaining rights, arguing that he desperately
needs to bridge a deficit expected to reach $3.6 billion for the coming two-year
budget.
Union leaders have said they would accept the financial terms of Mr. Walkerfs
proposal. The more controversial provisions, though, would strip public
employees of collective-bargaining rights.
In Whitewater, Ben Penwell, a lawyer whose wife is a public employee, said he
saw no reason to strip away workersf bargaining rights if they had agreed to
benefit cuts.
gTheyfre willing to do whatfs necessary fiscally without giving up rights in
the future,h he said.
And Pat Wellnitz, working in his accounting office on Sunday, wondered why
such bargaining provisions were needed if the real problem was simply saving
money.
gThatfs pretty drastic even for a staunch Republican,h he said.
But others suggested that unions had perhaps had outlived their usefulness.
Carrie Fox, who works at a billboard advertising company, said she hoped that
the battle would encourage other governors to rein in public- and private-sector
unions.
gI know there was a point for unions back in the day because people were
being abused,h she said. gBut now therefs workersf rights; therefs laws that
protect us.h
A. G. Sulzberger reported from Janesville, and Monica Davey from Madison,
Wis.